容貌焦慮症臨床特徵及診斷 | Clinical feature & diagnostic tools of BDD

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容貌焦慮症臨床特徵及診斷 | Clinical feature & diagnostic tools of BDD
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症狀

我們每個人或多或少都試過有容貌焦慮 —— 突然出現的暗瘡，不太合身的牛仔褲 —— 但怎樣才會被歸類為容貌焦慮症（或身體臆形症、軀體變形障礙、Body Dysmorphic Disorder BDD）呢？

可能的症狀包括：
1. 強迫性地關注自己外表上的缺陷，而這些缺陷對其他人來說並不顯著
2. 重複照鏡
3. 過度梳理自己
4. 抓劃皮膚
5. 常和別人作容貌比較
6. 不斷尋求他人對自己容貌沒問題的的保證

Individuals with BDD are pre-occupied with their perceived flaws in appearance which is often not or slightly noticeable by others.
患者強迫性地關注自己外表上的缺陷，即使這些缺陷對其他人來說並不顯著。

您可以參考以下精神障礙診斷與統計手冊 (DSM-5) 的官方診斷標準，只有臨床心理學家或醫生才能作出正式診斷。

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診斷標準 (DSM-5)
A) 具有一個或多個感知到的或他人看起來微小或觀察不到有關外貌方面的缺陷或瑕疵的先佔觀念(preoccupation)。
B) 在此障礙觀念的某些時間段內，患者表現出關注外貌的反應重複行為（例如，照鏡子、過度修飾、皮膚抓撓、尋求背定）或精神行為（例如對比自己和他人的外貌）
C) 臨床上，這種先佔觀念引起痛苦，或導致社交、職業或其他重要功能的損害。
D) 外表先佔觀念不能用進食失調症或對身體脂肪和體重的關注來更好地解釋。

Clinical features

We all have our moments of insecurities about how we look - sometimes a pop-up pimple, sometimes a less well-fitted jeans - but when is it actually classified as a Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?

Possible symptoms include
1. Compulsive preoccupations of one’s flaws in physical appearance that is not significant for others
2. Repetitive mirror checking
3. Excessive grooming
4. Skin picking
5. Often comparing appearance with others
6. Constant reassurance seeking

Individuals with BDD are pre-occupied with their perceived flaws in appearance which is often not or slightly noticeable by others.
Individuals with BDD are often pre-occupied by perceived flaws in their appearances which are often small or not noticeable by others

You may take reference to the official diagnostic criteria from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) below. The official diagnosis is only made by a mental health professional.

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Diagnostic criteria (DSM-5)
A) Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others.
B) At some point during the course of the disorder, the individual has performed repetitive behaviours (e.g., mirror checking, excessive grooming, skin picking, reassurance seeking) or mental acts (e.g., comparing his or her appearance with that of others) in response to the appearance concerns.
C) The preoccupation causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other areas of functioning.
D) The appearance preoccupation is not better explained by concerns with body fat or weight in an individual whose symptoms meet diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder.

Source: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - 5th Edition

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🤔 容貌焦慮症臨床特徵及診斷 | Clinical feature & diagnostic tools of BDD

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